Free Essays on Sexual Harassment And How It Affects Women And Organizations

â€Å"Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Organizations† Outline Introduction Overview Purpose Statement First Main Point- Women in today’s competitive society Societies view of Women Defining Sexual Harassment Second Main Point- Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Publicized cases of Sexual Harassment Steps in dealing with Sexual Harassment Third Main Point- Recovering from Sexual Harassment in Organizations Sexual Harassment Policies Keys to a successful women in today’s society Conclusion References Abstract Sexual Harassment has become an issue our society and organizations cannot ignore. Women need to understand how to improve their position in a male dominated society and what to do if they are the victims of sexual harassment. Many organizations are trying to find ways to better educate their employees and to incorporate a zero tolerance policy when it comes to sexual harassment. If organizations are to keep harmony within the ranks of their employees they must act now on sexual harassment education and training. History has shown us that sexual harassment has been around for ages and in today’s modern society it continues to be an issue that makes headlines on a daily basis. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled on several cases involving sexual harassment that has long reaching implications for all organizations and the society as a whole. The purpose for this research paper is to show how women are viewed in today’s society, defining sexual harassme nt and the steps in dealing with sexual harassment if you are a victim. I will also identify some recently highly publicized cases and how organizations can protect themselves and their employees by incorporating sexual harassment policies and how to recover from sexual harassment within an organization. Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Or... Free Essays on Sexual Harassment And How It Affects Women And Organizations Free Essays on Sexual Harassment And How It Affects Women And Organizations â€Å"Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Organizations† Outline Introduction Overview Purpose Statement First Main Point- Women in today’s competitive society Societies view of Women Defining Sexual Harassment Second Main Point- Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Publicized cases of Sexual Harassment Steps in dealing with Sexual Harassment Third Main Point- Recovering from Sexual Harassment in Organizations Sexual Harassment Policies Keys to a successful women in today’s society Conclusion References Abstract Sexual Harassment has become an issue our society and organizations cannot ignore. Women need to understand how to improve their position in a male dominated society and what to do if they are the victims of sexual harassment. Many organizations are trying to find ways to better educate their employees and to incorporate a zero tolerance policy when it comes to sexual harassment. If organizations are to keep harmony within the ranks of their employees they must act now on sexual harassment education and training. History has shown us that sexual harassment has been around for ages and in today’s modern society it continues to be an issue that makes headlines on a daily basis. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled on several cases involving sexual harassment that has long reaching implications for all organizations and the society as a whole. The purpose for this research paper is to show how women are viewed in today’s society, defining sexual harassme nt and the steps in dealing with sexual harassment if you are a victim. I will also identify some recently highly publicized cases and how organizations can protect themselves and their employees by incorporating sexual harassment policies and how to recover from sexual harassment within an organization. Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Or...

Definition of Deadrise Used in Shipbuilding

Definition of Deadrise Used in Shipbuilding How to Measure Deadrise Deadrise is measured two ways, by a linear measurement like inches or centimeters and by expressing it as an angle. Let’s look at the angular measurement first. Looking at the cross section of a hull, draw a vertical line through the center of the vessel to the bottom of the keel. The top of this vertical line should be even with the chine, which is where the hull meets the topsides. Now draw a horizontal line which intersects both sides of the chine and the top of the vertical line you drew before. You should now have a 90-degree angle formed by the vertical and horizontal lines. Draw one more line from the point where your horizontal line meets the chine to the bottom of your vertical line at the bottom center of the keel. The triangle you formed is made up of three angles. Deadrise expressed as an angle is the measurement in degrees of the bottom of the triangle. To Calculate in Linear Terms   To calculate deadrise in linear terms you will use the same triangle as above but now you will be using a ratio to express the deadrise. Much like the roof of a building, deadrise in linear terms is written as inches per foot. First, determine the number of inches from the 90-degree angle of the triangle along the horizontal leg to the chine. Next, determine the measurement in feet from the bottom of the keel to the 90-degree angle of the triangle. Take the results and write then as inches/foot. A Measurement at a Single Point on a Vessel’s Hull Deadrise is only a measurement at a single point on a vessel’s hull. Construction plans will note the deadrise at regular intervals along the length of the hull. Since deadrise is a measurement based on the position of the chine it is possible to have complex expressions of deadrise because of multi-chine and planning hulls. If you are asked to measure deadrise you should be given a point to make your measurement. For example; deadrise at 20 feet from the bow, or deadrise at rear bulkhead. Alternate Spellings Dead Rise Common Misspellings Dead Rise The Transition From Chine to Keel One way to make a quick assessment of the purpose and ride quality of a vessel is to view the stern from the rear so you can see the transition from chine to keel. If its a sharp V shape below the water means the ride will be smooth but the ship may wallow back and forth ferries and riverboats have this design so they can operate in both directions without turning around.   If the deadrise is shallow or flat at the stern the vessel will not have much roll or wallow but it will slap into the surface with each wave. A V shape allows a smooth transition while a shallower deadrise causes a sudden impact with each wave. The flat design has less drag and therefore is found on cargo ships and other low drag vessels. Cushion effect can be a problem for some heavily loaded cargo ships in shallow waters like canals. A rolled, or soft, chine means the vessel is meant to lean and roll smoothly. This is true of most sail-powered vessels where there is a counterweight in a deep keel. Take a look at all kinds of common hull shapes to understand more about their uses. The definition of draft will also be useful when learning about naval architecture.

International People Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International People Management - Case Study Example On some of these occasions, I was also able to improve matters. The "Forming" phase is when the team members first meet, introductions are made and the team members start to get along (or at least try to do so). I saw my contribution here as being strong, because I like to make acquaintances and it is a natural thing for me to make the first contact. The second phase, "Storming", is when the team starts to move towards a defined result. This is where differences of opinion may arise, for example about what result is in fact required or how to get that result. Sometimes personal preferences or even tempers may slow down progress, and the polite behaviour of the first phase ("Forming") may give way to open confrontation. My contribution at the beginning was neither strong, nor weak. I have my own opinions and at times did not agree with other members of the team. However, the experience of working with colleagues and understanding that two people can have different points of view without necessarily being wrong on either side was a good one for me . It prepared me better for the third phase of "Norming". In "Norming", team members have got to know one another and can get down to doing productive work. Thanks to the "Storming" phase, I was much better able to contribute to the "Norming" phase, and to accept and make best use of the differences in background and approach of the different team members. As we had all selected different papers to critique as one of the exercises in the "International People Management" module, there was healthy discussion and exchange of information on the different subjects that team members had chosen. There is always room for improvement, but I felt that I had strength in this phase. My personal disappointment was not being able to fully participate in the fourth phase of the team interactions, that of "Performing". In this fourth phase, Tuckman defines the team working together efficiently and in cooperation to move to a common goal. Not participating as I might have wanted to in the presentation with the critique that I had done on Harzing's paper on international management transfers was a shame. I felt that I had strength in this area, but I also understand that part of the strength of team working is to understand when the team is better served by letting other people take the lead. In this sense, I believe that I learnt something and further improved my capabilities and experience here. Although Tuckman' model is probably best-known in its version with four phases, he also added a fifth one later, which he called "Adjourning" for the break-up of the team, for example at the end of a project. We did not really accomplish such a fifth phase (or really only ve ry informally). The Belbin role model This second model defined by Belbin deals with the different roles that team members can take within a team. The Belbin model is quite detailed and a team member may play several roles at the same time. This is often the case for teams with a small number of team members. Dr Meredith Belbin defined nine separate roles, each role being "a tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way." I describe the roles below and

Toyota Production System Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toyota Production System - Article Example In a company that produces iron sheets, just in time can be applied by placing orders for raw material such that the materials ordered for arrive at the company in the right quantity just when it is needed and without any delays. Muda refers to waste or anything that adds no value to the system. Muda exists in the form of motion, correction, processing, waiting time, conveyance, overproduction, and inventory. In a company that manufactures iron sheet, one example of muda is raw material that has been established to be substandard in quality and therefore needs to be reworked. Yokoten implies horizontal deployment; good practices and results in one area or organization are copied or applied to other areas or organizations. One franchise of Coca Cola company can decide to send a team of its employees to a more efficient franchise in a different country so that the team observes and learns how things are done to ensure high efficiency and productivity. The team will learn and implement what they have learnt doing what they can to improve on the ideas in their organization. Pokayoke involves the use of fool proof devices during production. Through the use of fool proof devices, the production of defective parts that result from human error is minimized or altogether eliminated. In a manufacturing plant, the buttons in the control panel of a machine can be color coded and associated with drawings that show what the buttons make the machines do. This way, even an untrained operator has less chances of pressing the wrong button that may lead to the production of faulty parts. Hoshin involves capturing and cementing strategic goals as developed by executive managers so that they are realized eventually. The organization’s level of performances is set to improve with the passage of time as the strategic goals are realized. In a soda manufacturing company, top management may develop strategic goals relating to the production of a given quantity of soda crates.

Contingency plan for sailing yachts charter Essay - 2

Contingency plan for sailing yachts charter - Essay Example It includes fire prevention, fire fighting practices, and pirating activities as they might impact business operations or the well-being of ship and crew. Because this represents a luxury market, kidnapping and resource plundering as the result of pirating activities, which are on the rise, must be recognized. Fire represents the largest assessed risk for the business’ disaster management programme. In the event of disaster situations, the vessel and its associated dispatch and control teams will establish an incident control system modelled after that in use by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The ICS structure â€Å"establishes common terminology that allows diverse incident management and support entities to work together across a wide variety of incident management functions and hazard scenarios† (thebreakingnews.com, 2004, p.16). ICS modelling for incident control provides an organizational framework by which to handle different real-time disaster situations. Dispatch efforts will include making appropriate contact with local coast guard authorities if the situation cannot be controlled effectively by the officer in charge as well as the Fire Brigade. ______________________ The existence of rogue waves and other atmospheric phenomenon is a genuine risk to operating the business and pose potential risks to the health and safety on crew and customers. There are no appropriate mitigation risks in the event of these scenarios, however wave measurement technology includes fully-functional measurement systems to identify risk (chl.erdc.army.mil, 2009). It is the responsibility of the information technology support team to ensure these technologies are implemented on board and functioning properly for ongoing risk mitigation. This is controlled at the operational and organizational levels and will be run through diagnostic systems checks periodically as mandated by technology needs. In the event of

Gay Marriage Essay Example for Free

Gay Marriage Essay Gay marriages are a worldwide issue of should it be allowed or not in today’s societies and has been a topic for many years. Gay marriage is a marriage between two people of same sex or gender. There are states and countries that are against just as well as for same sex marriage. It has been a problem about whether same sex couples should be able to marry since 1971. It was later considered it was not legal for same sex marriage and tradition for marriage in the United States has been designed as legal commitment between a man and a woman. However, homosexual relationships are increasingly gaining the interest of acceptance in our country. Vermont was the first state to introduce civil unions in July of 2002, and the first state to legalize same sex marriage without being required to do so by court(Goodnough, A. 2009). Some states have considered a form of commitment called civil union; this is a form of relationship that is somewhat like a marriage (About.com Guide, 2012). Civil unions are legal contracts between partners that are recognized by a state or government as conferring all or some of the rights conferred by marriage, but without the implicit historical and religious meaning associated with the word â€Å"marriage†(About.com Guide, 2012). They are not benefited any of the federal benefits of marriage such as social security. This is still a problem for some religious people in the world today who believe God made Adam and Eve not Adam and Steve. Many politicians have said they are against gay marriage but they leave it up to the states to decide whether or not to support it. Several states have granted limited marriage benefits to gays but call them domestic partnerships. Society talks about how everyone should be treated fairly, because of rights and justice, but do not want to include homosexuals. Well it would be unethical to not allow part of society the right to love someone just  because that person that they love may be of the same sex. Homosexuals are human beings and they do have rights that should not be denied of them because some people think of them as different. Homosexuals love and need love just like others and this is a need. Love is need and a right for all human beings. Rather you are receiving it from a brother, an aunt, or just a neighbor, we as humans desire this only a daily basis. When we deny this by not allowing same sex couples to marry just because the person is of the same sex, this is considered unethical. Deontological ethics argue rights and duties. This would make same sex marriage wrong. Deontology says God does not like homosexuality and that it is not a right, claiming because the bible says this. In this argument, everyone does not believe in the bible and the bible is interpreted in so many, many ways. So this really makes for no real argument. People who are against homosexuality will be for this argument. The arguments against gay marriage are starting to be very weak. One argument is of marriage itself. One may argue that marriage is between a man and a woman. Marriage is a union between two people who love each other and God. This truly makes it hard to believe that it should be legal.Where another may say marriage is between two people who love each other for better or worse. Christians look and see that same sex marriage is against God’s will. A common Christian is to follow the word of God. Some Christians believe that the biblical rules are ancient and these desi res should not be amended. Christian followers said that God commanded that his followers do not engage in homosexual relations. Christians strongly believe that if God say that something is wrong, then it is wrong. Christians should also read on to see that we are all gods’ children and he accepts us for who we are. I thought God created us all as equal. Then there are the people who do not believe in God and they may say that the bible is being interpreted wrong and people believe what they want to believe. They would say who are we to tell someone who they love or marry. Taking away homosexuals right to marry is against the rules. Another argument would be that gays cannot bear children. True, they cannot, but they can contribute to society by allowing children to be raised in a two parent home and children will have a better chance a life. This helps out a lot of children who are orphans or foster kids. Women who cannot  bare children are allowed to adopt and raise children, so why are homosexuals any different. The utilitarianism will say that there is a solution for this. If we can have a marriage between black and white races, why cannot we have a marriage between same sexes? If a marriage is supposed to be between two people who love each other and want to spend the rest of their life together, then what is the problem? In the mind of a Utilitarian no one in the society can see or foretell who shall have a relationship. If same sex marriage or relationships are so wrong give a good reason besides that it is not the norm of religion. Utilitarianism will ask, â€Å"How will same sex marriages hurt anyone†? I do not believe that same sex marriages will harm any adult but what about the children. Since same sex couples are allowed to adopt, there will be other children out there asking questions and wondering why they have two moms or two dads. If everyone is created equal, should this include the gays and lesbians? Telling them that they do not have the right to marry is taking away their human rights. Now is taking away someone humans right wrong? Defense of Marriage Act prohibits federal recognition of same sex marriage and allows states to refuse to recognize such marriages performed in other states. The only states in the U.S. that perform marriages between same sex couples are Connecticut, District of Columbia, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Vermont. In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to open the civil marriage to same sex couples. Same sex couples are fighting for the right of their human rights and to be treated fairly slowly it is coming around for them. Ethical egoism contrast that homosexuals getting a chance at love by marriage is a privilege, just like it is for anyone else. This is not wrong, it is right. Humans have a right to choose the person they want to spend the rest of their life with, even if this person is of the same sex. When the constitution was made, it not state exceptions for certain rights to certain people, it is to all of society. People choose to be homosexual because they feel as if they were born to be this way and why should anyone try to change that? Homosexual may ask, â€Å"Who are we hurting†? Homosexuals have a right to fight for what is right for them and what they believe should be equally  given to them as humans. If they feel that it is right for them to love a person of the same sex, then let them. They may feel that they are the best fit parents for children these days, because they both can support these children and give them a happy life. At the same time, do not deny them what is rig htfully theirs. Ethical egoism is a homosexual own thought as how same sex marriage is not wrong but right because it does not harm anyone and it is one’s right. Same sex marriage is an ongoing issue because of many reasons. People if today’s society is beginning to realize that it is better to get to know homosexuals and understand them. They are no different from all of us. Homosexuals live and breathe air just like any normal human-being. They should not be told that they cannot marry because the person that they want to marry is not who we think they should be marrying. Homosexuality is a part of the norms these days. If society denies homosexuals the right to get married, then they are defining them of their rights. This issue does not hurt any one person at all. Love is what marriage is all about, whether it is a same sex couple or the opposite sex that is trying to get married. I understand that some people and Christians see this as a sin, but judging is a sin also and who are we to judge. People should not judge a book by its cover, and who saying that my grandma uses, meaning it may look bad on the outside, but when you open it and read it you get a different story. Homosexuals are great to society and should be given the right to marry no matter what. It all boils down to; God is the only one who can really punish them if it is truly wrong to marry the same sex. Maybe legalizing same sex marriage will affect the world or maybe not. Now this seems really ridiculous to me, but you never know. I do see this as an issue with multiplying though. Parents of the same sexuality cannot have children. There are some good argument and some bad arguments when it comes to the issue of legalizing same sex marriages. There will come a day that the world will come up with a decision that will make everyone happy or maybe not. References Mosser, K (2010).Introduction to ethics and social responsibility, San Diego, Bridgepoint Education www.thepublicphilospher.com/humanrights-and-gaymarriage Davidson.edu/commomplace/Christian-ethical-argumentsregarding-same-sex-marriag es www.ashfordlibrary www.balancepolitics.org/samesexmarriage Hansen, V. Ethical Argument for legalizing gay marriage, (2012) Head, T. Marriage and Rights, (2012)

Role Of ICT In Research Information Technology Essay

Role Of ICT In Research Information Technology Essay Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies in teaching, learning and research has come a long way and so is the use of various web2.0 tools . The researchers need to change with changing times and need to understand todays fast changing knowledge base and its peculiarities. The article is written with an objective of finding out how is the academic researcher changed, helped, or hindered, by the use of ICTs in general and web2.0 tools in specific. ICT tools are mainly used by researchers for its ability to ease knowledge-gathering process and to enhance resource-development. Researcher in general value creativity and originality , thus the ICT tools which provide with the most open situations with great autonomy to the researcher can really help in identifying and solving research problems in the most creative ways. Some of web2.0 tools used for research related tasks are dealt in detail here to give a clear guidance to the researcher . The use of ICT is based on the indi viduals logical assessment of how various applications increase his/her effectiveness and efficiency in work and provide ease in communication with peers. Use of ICT tools for making research data and information available are plenty in numbers today , but the best use of ICT tools would be to improve cognitive skills and thus help discriminate , analyse and create information rather than simply accumulate ( Boyer Commission , 1996). As usually research process deals with large amount of complex information and requires a lot of skills to analyse and organize these well, any ICT tool which helps the researcher give meaning and precision along with adding value to the information generated would be rated above the ones which help in just gathering information. Generally, ICT tools help researcher in the following research related tasks identify appropriate information sources critically analyse information research effectively manage information use information to extend and communicate knowledge across subject fields search up to ten databases and electronic resources simultaneously receive results in a common format link to individual databases for more specialised searching select favourite resources and e-journals, save searches and records, and setup email alerts. The possibilities of conducting research with Internet and its virtual components by individuals and organizations are innumerable. While going thru the research papers among others, several authors have mentioned that ICTs support: instantaneous information exchange despite geographical distances , costless accumulation of data and documents, improvements in the precision of knowledge reproduction, innovative and more effective routines to design new products and conduct problem solving activities both at individual and organizational level. Now, lets look at the main steps that are usually taken to conduct a research. The first two steps in any research activity are 1. Identifying your own world view and situate your research for evaluation. 2. Problem Identification by Literature review and design of research questions Research starts with an idea that researcher has , and now to conduct a research , that idea needs to be converted into a proper research question . ICT has to come in first stage while the researcher needs to discuss the ideas with others to get better user involvement . Now lets consider some ways in which ICT tools can be used to find Research Topics and create bookmarks for later references. Search Engines A feature of the Web that enhances learning and research is the use of search engines. A search on the Web can be very effective in providing a context for an unknown quote or theory , in a timely manner. The use of search engines can save precious time in research. Research indicates that about 85% of Internet users use basic search engines and search services like google to find specific information. However, it is also found that users are not satisfied with the performance of the current generation of search engines for not giving focused results by way of providing articles and notes from personal blogs etc. along with quality research articles . so o rdinary search engines are helpful for researching business and popular culture, but theyre not very useful for finding academic research papers or scholarly journal articles. Journal articles are available in a variety of formats, ranging from citations or brief abstracts to full text delivered electronically or in hard copy. Some articles are provided free. Often, a fee is required, or access is restricted in some way. Searching the invisible web resources also can be very useful. The following are some of the useful search engines used for research activities , 1. www.ask.com -lists related searches ,2. www.base-search.net : a multi-disciplinary search engine for academically relevant web , 3. Bing Microsofts search engine lists related searches , 4. Google Scholar indexes scholarly research from many journals, books, papers, etc. across many disciplines ,and 5. Yahoo! Search originally a Web directory, it now features a reliable search engine. Metasearch engines allow to query various search engines simultaneously providing a single list of results. These can avoid duplication and provide additional ideas . Some of the very useful and popular metasearch engines are Clusty (Vivisimo) , Dogpile , Ixquick and Mamma.com. Subject Directories allow to browse Web pages by category , and are best used when there is a need to find a list of general Web sites pertaining to a topic . These are often compiled by human editors and provide annotated links pointing to reliable Web sites. Apart from the google and Yahoo Directory these are a few others worth consideration are the open directory www.dmoz.org and www.opendoar.org/search.php . Subject-specific search engines tend to focus solely on a topic and allow to narrow results and ensure that these are relevant . Many subject specific resources can be found listed by various University Library departments in the Library Research Guides. The following tools represent only a sampling Pinakes A Subject Launchpad , Infomine ,Scirus , Hakia, Education World and Business.com . Loading Social Bookmarking is tagging a website and saving it for later. Instead of saving them to web browser, we are saving them to the web. Having started out as a way to store browser bookmarks online so that they can be utilized on different computers and shared, social bookmarking has grown to such an extent that it can now be used to search the web instead of relying on traditional search engines. In fact, social bookmarking sites are being used as intelligent search engines. Most social bookmarking sites allow to browse through the items based on most popular, recently added, or belonging to a certain category like technology, politics, blogging, news, sports, etc. Examples of Social Bookmarking sites are Del.icio.us , Magnolia, Blinklist, esnips etc. Social News , another feature of web 2.0 is websites like Digg , Reddit and Propeller focus on social bookmarking of news-related items such as politics, sports, technology, etc. Social news sites are different from standard social bookmarking sites by focusing on specific articles and blog posts rather than websites. Because of this, they can be a great source of news, and they also offer the ability to participate in the discussion by leaving comments on popular news items. Evaluating and citing Web sites There are some words of caution while gathering information from web : 1. all types of information are not available on the Web, and especially not for free. 2. unlike traditional published sources, Web documents have not necessarily been evaluated hence the need to assess the quality of the documents is very crucial for a researcher. Information on the Web can originate from many different sources including individuals, organizations, governments, academic institutions and companies. It is therefore important to quickly assess the reliability of the sources found. The major points of check when evaluating a Web site are : Currency , Authority , Purpose and Point of view . 3. Design the study and develop your method(s) In this phase of research there has to be active Participant Involvement. The researchers has to have proper Survey Design , correct Sampling and have to sort out all Statistical issues for conducting Qualitative/Quantitative Research . In the following three ways ICT Tools can be used by researchers for qualitative research As a medium of communication ICT tools provide powerful communication channels mostly text based but increasingly enhanced with moving and still images and sound, thus competing fairly with the traditional medium of interaction. Researchers can log into any of these channels and practices , either for studying the way people use computer mediated communication in cultural context or can utilize these to interact with participants by initiating a discussion. As a network of computers -Internet , the most popular and powerful ICT tool, breaks all boundaries and makes physical distances between people disappear thus providing a platform like online communities, blogs and discussions forums to reach out to people all across the globe for collective and collaborative research with seamless possibilities for the researcher to utilize this space particularly for collecting information. As a context of social construction The web2.0 facilitates the researchers to witness and analyse the structure of conversation by either participating or simply observing , the social structures that emerge. This gives a good insight to the researcher while gathering data and then during analysis , how language builds and structures social reality. Regardless of the use of any of the above said framework that is used , a qualitative research can be conducted by utilizing Internet based other web2.0 tools for research on any social phenomenon at the same time a qualitative research can conducted on any of the web2.0 tools as a specific social phenomenon as well. 4. Collect and collate the data Data collection requires Collaboration . A word of caution to the researcher is to take care of Intellectual property related issues in advance before using Internet and web2.0 tools for data collection and storage . The qualitative research process starts with a Questionnaire / Survey Design . Survey can be created using ICT tools Web, Word Processors (WP), Spreadsheets and now most popular online tools like google-forms and surveymonkey.com, and can be distributed using email and discussion boards. The data collected using one or many such online tools needs a proper Database structure for storage and retrieval thus tools like relational databases ( SQL Server, ORACLE etc.) ; open sources databases using MySQL and Access, Flatfile database using Spreadsheet, wikis, GIS [Google earth, Google Maps, Flickr, Arcview/explorer]) can be used. Data Analysis is a an area where a lot of works is being done and a huge collection of open source tools are available for researcher e.g. for Relationship mapping techniques like Herring or fish bone mind maps, SWOT Analysis, PMI, Venn etc. software like Inspiration, kidspiration, smart ideas, Cmap, Mindmapper, freemind would be useful and also the opensource Online tools available at www.gliffy.com/, www.mindmeister.com , www.drawanywhere.com/ . An open source statistical software programming language like R is found very useful by researcher. For preparing Graph using Spreadsheet, digitizer , for typical data analysis using Calc or excel, preparing Checklist (any Word Processor , Spreadsheet) and Mashing tools like intel mash up is now very common . ICT in Qualitative Data Analysis The applicability of ICT based analytical tools in qualitative research is debated as it is argued, that the original meaning inherent in the data could be distorted or lost in the process of data analysis. Thus the employment of computer programs in qualitative data analysis is a practice that should be viewed with caution. Analysing qualitative material that is based on speech or texts derived from interviews and conversations must have regard for the context and the integrated whole. Computer based systems to aid with analysis are, often based on the natural scientific view of the world that sees social phenomena as reflections of the higher level ordering of an objective social structure. The ideal data type here is one which is amenable to quantifying and segmentation into discrete categories as this allows for numerical manipulation and analysis. Researchers who make use of these packages must remain alert to the need to preserve the integrity and context of the original materi al and not lose sight of this during the process of coding and subsequent analysis. 5. Reporting and dissemination The final step in the process of any research activity is Writing up Research by Research Reporting Guidelines advised using the wordprocessors. Disseminating Research : To make the research outcomes reach maximum numbers of stake holders proper planning for printing, mailing and/or posting on community forums plus translation is required . Making research results accessible to various audiences through website, Research Portfolio, Newsletter, and other Community reports is now a common practice. Presenting research at Conferences/ Seminars and thus making findings known to users should be planned. Events happening across the globe on the theme of research can be found out easily today through Internet. Bibliography : Web pages, as with journal articles, books, encyclopedias and other material consulted while researching , need to be properly cited in a bibliography, a reference list or a list of works cited. There are a lot of Citation Style Guides online which provide more information on citation. Thus , there are some innovative tools available today that support researchers in the entire research process i.e. researcher can get help to Search intelligently, assess the quality of search results, help in recording, organizing and producing information using online notecards , and also help in formatting the bibliography in MLA, APA, or Chicago/Turabian whichever style that is required. Bibliographic information of this paper: STÉPHAN VINCENT-LANCRIN , What is Changing in Academic Research? Trends and Futures Scenarios , European Journal of Education, Volume    41 ,   Issue    2 , Pages169   Ã‚   202 © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Aitken, Wendy (2007).    Use of Web in Tertiary Research and Education.    Webology, 4(2), Article 42. Available at: http://www.webology.ir/2007/v4n2/a42.html accessed on 15/3/2010 http://www.weblens.org/scholar.html accessed on 29.4.2010 Handbook of Research on Web 2.0, 3.0, and X.0: Technologies, Business, and Social Applications, San Murugesan (Editor) http://www.igi-global.com/reference/details.asp?id=34850, Information Science Research, Hershey New York, October 2009, ISBN 978-1-60566-384-5 Understanding Web 2.0, San Murugesan, IEEE IT Professional, 2007, http://www.computer.org/portal/web/buildyourcareer/fa009 Use the Web to Find Research Paper Topics, Wendy Boswell, About.com Guide, accessed on 12/03/2010 Roberts, Kathryn A. Wilson, Richard W. (2002). ICT and the Research Process: Issues Around the Compatibility of Technology with Qualitative Data Analysis [52 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(2), Art. 23, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0202234. Vaccaro, F. Veloso, S. Brusoni, The Impact of Virtual Technologies on Organizational Knowledge Creation: An Empirical Study, hicss, pp.352, Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2008), 2008 Andreas Hotho,Robert Jà ¤schke,Christoph Schmitz,Gerd Stumme, Information Retrieval in Folksonomies: Search and Ranking, Link http://www.springerlink.com/content/R8313654K80V7231 , accessed on 20.6.2010